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Illustration · An imagined packing room in New York in 1955: shelves to the ceiling stacked with boxes of old office files, parcels of books on the packing table, and a lamp lit in a partitioned corner office where two assistants worked on AA’s history. Not drawn from a photograph.

New York · 1955–1975

The old files

Bill W. kept AA’s old letters in boxes and hoped to write its history; his secretary, Nell Wing, rescued papers from the wastebasket, and in 1975 the boxes became AA’s archives.

“The whole world story of AA is hidden in these boxes, waiting only to be dug out.”

Bill W., on the old files in the shipping loft · AA Grapevine, June 1955

The boxes

In June 1955 Bill W. walked Grapevine readers through AA’s offices in New York. Three blocks from the main office on East 44th Street was a loft where six young men shipped the books and mailed the letters. “Down one side of the long packing room, there are shelves reaching to the ceiling.” On them, “boxed up, tons of the old files of our Headquarters, going clear back to the old days at Vesey Street.” (Box 459 tells of the office’s addresses.) In a corner office near the files, he wrote, “two tireless assistants, Ed and Nell,” were digging into AA’s history, and he hoped one day to write it.

Nell was Nell Wing, and she wasn’t an alcoholic. In March 1947 she had been passing through New York on her way to study art in Mexico, a little short of cash, and took a temporary job at the office. In 1950 she became Bill’s secretary. Ed B., a writer and newly sober, was hired in 1954 to help Bill with his writing, and their desks faced each other. Ed threw away pamphlets and letters he thought weren’t worth keeping. “I’d take everything out of the wastebasket,” Nell remembered, “and put it all safely away in storage boxes until I could sort it out.”

Bill was collecting too. In 1954 he recorded the memories of Dr. Bob’s children and of oldtimers in Akron and Cleveland. But the book didn’t come. When he rewrote his paragraph about the loft in 1957, the assistants had become “our research librarian,” and he hoped only “that some day the full-length history of Alcoholics Anonymous will be written.” He died in January 1971 without writing it.

By her own account, Nell was named AA’s first archivist in 1972. The trustees set up an Archives Committee in 1973, and by then, AA’s newsletter said later, the archives took all her time. On November 3, 1975, after a meeting of the board, the archives opened on the eighth floor at 468 Park Avenue South. Lois W. and Tom S., an oldtimer from Jacksonville, cut a blue ribbon. Afterward, the newsletter reported, “It was realized that no one had taped for posterity the remarks at the ceremonial opening of our archives!”

Listen The old files About 1 minute

The shelf

From a loft to 2,700 cubic feet

What AA’s old files held, and where, in the years a source gives a figure or a place, from Bill’s recordings to the archives today.

The 1954 and 1980 counts are ours, from the source notes of Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers, which mark each item from the archives by who may see it. The other figures are the sources’ own.

  1. 1954

    Akron and Cleveland

    Bill W. records the memories of oldtimers and of Dr. Bob’s children. A biography of Dr. Bob cites these recordings more than 110 times.

    Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers, 1980

  2. 1955

    A shipping loft, three blocks from the office

    “tons of the old files of our Headquarters,” on shelves to the ceiling.

    Bill W., AA Grapevine

  3. 1975

    Eighth floor, 468 Park Avenue South

    The archives open. The papers that “could not be replaced” are kept in a bank vault.

    Box 4-5-9, 1976

  4. 1980

    AA’s own first history from the archives

    Of nearly 360 marks on its sources, all but nine say “Classified,” to be seen only with the Archives Committee’s approval. Five are open to the public, four confidential.

    Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers

  5. 1982

    Four rooms on the fifth floor

    About 60 areas in the U.S. and Canada, and ten overseas, have archives of their own.

    Box 4-5-9, Holiday 1982

  6. 1983

    Gifts and repairs

    Over 90 cassette tapes given; 19 dust jackets from the first edition of the Big Book restored.

    Box 4-5-9, 1984

  7. 2007

    Questions

    More than 1,900 requests for research and information in a year.

    Markings, 2008

  8. 2018

    475 Riverside Drive

    “over 2,700 cubic feet of records,” and about six requests answered a day.

    Box 4-5-9, Summer 2018

Ask first

Twenty years after Bill’s boxes, AA had an archive, and AA’s own first history drawn from it marked nearly every item it cited from there “Classified.” By 2018 it filled more than 2,700 cubic feet, and the trustees still decide who may read what hasn’t been published.

For a closer look

Go deeper

When the archives opened; who started them; and the history Bill hoped to write, in two drafts of one paragraph.

When did it open?

The dates run from 1972 to 1975. In the order they were set down:

  • 1976. The board set up its Archives Committee “in 1973,” and the archives had opened recently, after the board’s quarterly meeting. Box 4-5-9.
  • 1979. November 3, 1975. Ernest Kurtz’s history Not-God, as Arthur S. cites it.
  • 1982. “By 1973, the archives claimed Nell’s full time.” Box 4-5-9.
  • 1992. Nell named archivist in 1972, the committee’s first meeting on October 24, 1973, and the formal opening on November 3, 1975. Nell Wing’s memoir, Grateful to Have Been There, as Arthur S. cites it.
  • 2009. “AA Archives opened at the GSO” in 1973, citing The A.A. Service Manual, with a note that Nell’s memoir and Not-God say 1975. Arthur S.’s timeline.

The Service Manual’s 1973 matches the year the trustees’ committee was formed.

Who started it?

Several people get the credit. In the order the accounts were set down:

  • 1955. Bill W.: his own project, with “two tireless assistants, Ed and Nell.” The Grapevine.
  • 1976. Tom S., a former trustee, remembered being in Bill’s office in the 1940s while Bill hunted through his files. “It was a mess,” Tom said, and the newsletter added, “Right then, he got the idea for organization of the archives.” Box 4-5-9.
  • 1982. Nell Wing “was the prime mover in setting up, organizing, and overseeing the A.A. archives.” Box 4-5-9, on her retirement.
  • 1985. Tom S. chaired “the oldtimers’ committee that led to the establishing of the A.A. Archives.” Bob P.’s unpublished history.
  • 1994. “I wanted the Archives started, as did Bill. … It certainly was important to Bill, but it was hard to get others to understand the need for setting up an Archives.” Nell Wing, in the Grapevine.
Two drafts

In 1957 Bill rewrote his Grapevine paragraph about the loft for AA Comes of Age. What he changed, 1955 first:

  • “tons of the old files of our Headquarters” “scores of boxed-up files”
  • “waiting only to be dug out” “waiting only to be searched out”
  • “two tireless assistants, Ed and Nell” “our research librarian”
  • “I hope the day will come when I shall be able to write it.” “I hope that some day the full-length history of Alcoholics Anonymous will be written.”

Others wrote it, once the archives opened. Ernest Kurtz’s Not-God came out in 1979, a doctoral dissertation whose author had the archives’ help. Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers followed in 1980, and in 1984 Pass It On, Bill’s biography, whose “primary source … was material in the A.A. archives.”

Sources
  • The Language of the Heart. AA Grapevine, 1988. Bill W., “How AA’s World Services Grew, Part II” (June 1955), first printed in the AA Grapevine.
  • Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age. Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, 1957. “Service: The Third Legacy” (the loft, rewritten).
  • Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers. AA World Services, 1980 (the recordings of 1954; the source notes and their marks).
  • Pass It On. AA World Services, 1984 (Nell Wing; the sources).
  • “Ribbon-Cutting Ceremony Opens A.A. Archives,” Box 4-5-9, February–March 1976.
  • “Nell Wing Retires With A Headful and Heartful Of A.A. History,” Box 4-5-9, Holiday 1982.
  • “Reports from G.S.O., the General Service Board, and Trustees’ Committees,” Box 4-5-9, June–July 1984 (the archives in 1983).
  • Markings, the GSO Archives newsletter, Spring 2008 (requests in 2007).
  • Box 4-5-9, Summer 2018 (the archives’ records and requests) and Summer 2026 (the archives workshop).
  • “Spellbound by A.A.: An Interview with Nell Wing,” AA Grapevine, June 1994, at silkworth.net.
  • Bob P., chapter 5 of his manuscript history of AA, 1985, unpublished, at silkworth.net (Tom S.).
  • Arthur S., A Narrative Timeline of AA History, 2009 (citing Nell Wing, Grateful to Have Been There, 1992, and Ernest Kurtz, Not-God, 1979).
  • AA World Services, Advisory Actions of the General Service Conference of Alcoholics Anonymous, 1951–2022 (M-39) (the Conference’s Archives Committee).
  • AA World Services, “Archives Access” and “GSO Archives”, aa.org.