Watch The Kitchen Table
1946 TWELVE POINTS1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.
Illustration · An office desk at night, with the mail heaped in a tray and the center drawer pulled open on a typed draft. Not drawn from a photograph.

New York and Bedford Hills · 1945–1946

Twelve Points

A mountain of letters, a friend’s suggestion and draft after draft became twelve points in AA’s magazine.

“It seemed as if every contestant in every group argument wrote us during this confused and exciting period.”

Bill W., on the mail at AA’s office in the mid-1940s · Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age, 1957

Out of the mail

By 1945 the Alcoholic Foundation, AA’s board of trustees, kept its office at 415 Lexington Avenue in New York, across from Grand Central. Mail had come in a steady stream since the Saturday Evening Post article of 1941. Many letters asked how to start a group, or what to do about some trouble in one. “Letters to metropolitan A.A. centers filled our bulging files,” Bill W. wrote.

Late in 1945, as Bill told it, “a good A.A. friend suggested” boiling all that experience down into a set of principles. His history doesn’t say who the friend was. Bill reasoned that if they were sure enough where they stood on membership, group autonomy, singleness of purpose, endorsing other enterprises, professionalism, public controversy and anonymity, the principles could be written. Some were practice already. That same year the Foundation wrote to John D. Rockefeller Jr. and the guests at his 1940 dinner that AA would need no more of their money.

“Aided by my helpers there, I set to work,” Bill wrote. He took the work to Akron to go over it with Dr. Bob, AA’s other founder, whose plain sense told him what the more cautious members would accept. At Stepping Stones, his and Lois W.’s house in Bedford Hills, thirty or forty people dropped by for coffee on a weekend. Bill read them what he had written, took their ideas, then crossed out his words and started over.

Marion Weaver typed Bill’s drafts at the office. She wasn’t an AA member. One day while he was writing the Traditions, she remembered, he couldn’t find them. He insisted she had them, and she didn’t. He walked out in tears: “Nobody cares what happens to Bill!” Then the door opened. He got down on his hands and knees with the pages in his mouth and crawled across the floor to her “like a little puppy dog.” They had been “jammed in the back of his desk drawer.” She didn’t say what year it was.

The points came out in the Grapevine, AA’s monthly magazine, in the spring of 1946: April by most accounts, May by Bill’s. Some ran a single sentence, others a long paragraph. This first version is now called the long form. In the issues that followed, Bill wrote an essay on each point.

That same spring, after two years of depression with “almost no relief,” Bill canceled every speaking engagement, left the office and went with Lois to a farmhouse in Vermont.

The groups hadn’t voted on the points, and wouldn’t until 1950. At first, Bill wrote, “Only groups in dire trouble took them seriously.”

Listen Twelve Points About 1 minute

Where they came from

Sorting the mail

Bill named seven subjects that came out of the letters, and Lois’s memoir names a few more. Set beside the Twelve Traditions, they fill every pigeonhole but one.

Subjects as Bill W. listed them in 1957 and Lois W. in 1979. Numbers are the order the Traditions have today. The rack is our way of showing it, not a picture of the office.

  1. 1

    “problems of unity”Lois W., 1979

    Whether a fellowship of drunks could hold together at all, or would split apart as an earlier one had.

    Told in 1 · The Washingtonians

  2. 2

    “ultimate authority”Lois W., 1979

    Who decides for a group: its founder and old-timers, or the members together.

    Told in Number One Man, 4 · The voice on the subway

  3. 3

    “membership”Bill W., 1957

    Groups’ lists of the people who could not join.

    Told in 2 · A mile long

  4. 4

    “group autonomy”Bill W., 1957

    How far a group could go its own way, and when it had to think of the others.

    Told in 4 · Middleton Group #1

  5. 5

    “singleness of purpose”Bill W., 1957

    Groups taking on clubs, hospitals and causes besides the drunk who walked in.

    Told in 4 · Middleton Group #1

  6. 6

    “nonendorsement of other enterprises”Bill W., 1957

    The founders’ names on the letterhead of a committee that asked the public for money.

    Told in People Like You, 6 · Something useful

  7. 7

    “money in all its aspects”Lois W., 1979

    Gifts from Rockefeller and his dinner guests, which the Foundation stopped taking in 1945.

    Told in Keep Coming Back, 5 · The basket

  8. 8

    “professionalism”Bill W., 1957

    Who could be paid: a founder, a club’s janitor, an office secretary.

    Told in 3 · What’s the angle?

  9. 9

    On neither list

    How to keep a busy office going without anyone running AA.

    Told in 7 · A standing vote

  10. 10

    “public controversy”Bill W., 1957

    Speakers taking sides on the issues of the day, as the Washingtonians had.

    Told in 1 · The Washingtonians

  11. 11

    “public relations”Lois W., 1979

    Members’ names and faces in the papers, and some who drank again afterward.

    Told in Keep Coming Back, 4 · First names only

  12. 12

    “anonymity in its several aspects”Bill W., 1957

    What anonymity was for, beyond keeping names out of the papers.

    Told in 6 · The short form

Nobody invented it

“Nobody invented Alcoholics Anonymous. It grew.” So begins Bill’s article of 1946, as the Grapevine reprints it. The points wrote down what the groups had already been through.

For a closer look

Go deeper

When the points first appeared, and under what name; why they were called Traditions; and how the long form has changed.

April or May?

Bill, writing in 1957, said the Traditions were “first published in the so-called ‘long form’ in the Grapevine of May, 1946.”

Lois W.’s memoir (1979) and Pass It On (1984) both give the April 1946 issue, and both call the article “Twelve Points to Assure Our Future.” The Kitchen Table follows them.

The Grapevine’s own history of its work for AA also gives April 1946, but another title: “Twelve Suggested Points for AA Tradition.” That is the title it used when it reprinted the article in 2007.

So the month is April in three accounts and May in Bill’s. For the title, this page gives both.

Why “Traditions”?

Pass It On calls the name a stroke of Bill’s genius. Called laws, rules, bylaws or regulations, the points “might never have been accepted by the membership,” since no self-respecting drunk would submit to law.

Bill said much the same in 1957. A code of traditions “could not, of course, ever become rule or law,” only a guide for the trustees, the office, “and especially for A.A. groups with growing pains.”

Pass It On also says the name came a little later, after the points first appeared as “Twelve Points to Assure Our Future.” But the title the Grapevine gives the 1946 article already has the word, and its opening speaks of adopting the lessons of experience “first as policy and then as tradition.”

The long form today

Since its second edition in 1955, the Big Book has printed the Traditions at the back, in the short form and then the long, because the long form “is more explicit and of possible historic value.” Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions prints it too.

It isn’t quite what the Grapevine printed in 1946. The long form in the Big Book names the trustees of the General Service Board, a name the Alcoholic Foundation took only in 1954.

And Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions says that when Tradition Nine “was first written,” it read “Alcoholics Anonymous needs the least possible organization.” The long form both books print today has “Each A.A. group needs the least possible organization.”

Sources
  • Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age. Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, 1957. “Service: The Third Legacy” and “Landmarks in A.A. History.”
  • Pass It On. AA World Services, 1984. Chapters 19 and 20.
  • Lois Remembers. Al-Anon Family Groups, 1979. Chapter 14, “Teacher Turns Pupil.”
  • Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. AA Grapevine and Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, 1953. The Foreword, Tradition Nine and the long form.
  • Alcoholics Anonymous (the Big Book), fourth edition. AA World Services, 2001. Appendix I, “The A.A. Tradition.”
  • AA Grapevine, “AA Grapevine’s Contributions to AA”. For April 1946 and the title.
  • AA Grapevine, “Twelve Suggested Points for AA Tradition”, reprinted November 2007. For the article’s opening lines.